Routine Urinalysis (Complete) Test Price in Bomikhal

Test Description

Routine urinalysis (UA) is one of the most commonly performed and informative diagnostic tests, providing a rapid, comprehensive chemical and microscopic assessment of urine. It consists of three components: (1) Physical examination: color (pale yellow to amber normally, red/brown — blood/myoglobin, dark yellow — bilirubinuria, green-blue — medication), turbidity (clear vs. cloudy/turbid — cellular elements, bacteria, crystals), and specific gravity (normal 1.005–1.030, reflecting concentrating ability). (2) Chemical dipstick analysis (10 parameters): pH (4.5–8.0), protein (normally negative), glucose (normally negative — glucosuria above renal threshold >180 mg/dL), ketones (absent normally — present in DKA, starvation), blood/hemoglobin, leukocyte esterase (indicates pyuria), nitrites (bacteria converting nitrates), bilirubin, urobilinogen, and specific gravity. (3) Microscopic examination of centrifuged urine sediment: RBCs (>5/HPF = hematuria), WBCs (>5/HPF = pyuria — UTI, interstitial nephritis), casts (hyaline, granular, cellular, waxy — indicate renal origin), epithelial cells, bacteria (>100/HPF correlates with significant bacteriuria), and crystals (calcium oxalate, uric acid, triple phosphate). Dipstick results are semi-quantitative screening indicators that guide microscopic examination.