Total Protein Test Price in CDA Sector 4

Test Description

Total Protein measures the combined concentration of all proteins in blood serum, primarily albumin and globulins. Normal serum total protein: 6.0–8.3 g/dL. Globulins are calculated by subtracting albumin from total protein and include alpha-1, alpha-2, beta-1, beta-2, and gamma globulins. The albumin/globulin (A/G) ratio normally ranges from 1.2 to 2.2. Total protein measurement uses the Biuret method, which reacts with peptide bonds. Elevated total protein (hyperproteinemia) occurs with dehydration and paraprotein production (multiple myeloma, Waldenström macroglobulinemia) where gamma globulins are markedly elevated. Low total protein (hypoproteinemia) occurs with malnutrition, liver failure (reduced synthesis), nephrotic syndrome (protein loss), protein-losing enteropathy, and severe burns. Protein electrophoresis separates serum proteins into distinct bands (fractions) and is essential for identifying monoclonal gammopathies (M-spike in gamma region) indicating plasma cell disorders. Immunofixation electrophoresis (IFE) characterizes the immunoglobulin class (IgG, IgA, IgM, IgD, IgE) and light chain type (kappa or lambda).