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Test Description

Blood glucose measurement is a fundamental diagnostic test used to assess carbohydrate metabolism and detect disorders such as diabetes mellitus, prediabetes, and hypoglycemia. Glucose is the primary energy substrate for cellular metabolism, and its concentration in blood is tightly regulated by hormonal mechanisms, primarily insulin and glucagon. Elevated fasting blood glucose (≥126 mg/dL on two occasions) is diagnostic of diabetes mellitus, while levels between 100–125 mg/dL indicate impaired fasting glucose (prediabetes). Random blood glucose ≥200 mg/dL in a symptomatic patient is also diagnostic of diabetes. Hypoglycemia is defined as blood glucose below 70 mg/dL and may present with sweating, palpitations, confusion, and in severe cases, loss of consciousness. This test is used for initial screening of diabetes, monitoring glycemic control in known diabetics, evaluation of symptoms of hypo- or hyperglycemia, and pre-operative assessment. Results must be interpreted in context of fasting status, recent meals, medications, and clinical presentation.